Most Dongxiang people live in Dongxiang Autonomous County. Though their name is derived from their location, the Dongxiang originated from the Mongols. Their homeland is hilly and barren, and many of the Dongxiang people are poor because they make their living as farmers on this arid land.

The Dongxiang are painstakingly committed to etiquette and cleanliness. Their furniture is arranged carefully and their home is always swept clean. Young people first greet their elders, and then the elders greet the young people in return. Porcelain cups with covers and matching saucers are used for tea drinking. These cups are either pure white or pale green and are decorated with twin dragons or orchid and flower designs. Visitors are welcomed with the best provisions. The host does not dine with his visitors but rather sits at the side and pours tea for them. Visitors, or the most honored guest, are also privileged to receive the chicken tail. The chicken is usually cut into 13 pieces but for the Dongxiang, the choice portion is the tail.